Scientific Whitepaper

The science of the sports microbiome.

100 trillion bacteria. 2–20 million genes. A second genome that decides how your athletes recover, sprint and stay healthy. Here is the full evidence stack behind every Sports Biome report.

100T+
Gut bacteria
2–20M
Microbial genes
~2 kg
Total mass
// 01 — Why It Matters

Microbiome is the new VO₂max.

Athletes face intense training, travel, stress and extreme energy demand. These factors stress every body system — and amplify the microbiome's role. Modern elite assessment no longer relies on classical metrics alone.

Energy Production
SCFA fuels mitochondrial output.
Endurance
Veillonella converts lactate to propionate.
Faster Recovery
Balanced flora controls inflammation.
Stronger Immunity
Protection against URTI during heavy blocks.
Team training
// 02 — Key Bacteria

Beneficial vs. harmful species.

BacteriumEffectFunction
Faecalibacterium prausnitziiBeneficialButyrate production · anti-inflammatory · muscle recovery
Akkermansia muciniphilaBeneficialGut barrier reinforcement · metabolic health
Veillonella atypicaBeneficialLactate → Propionate conversion · endurance boost
Bifidobacterium longumBeneficialImmune support · infection protection
Lactobacillus speciesBeneficialMucosal immunity · digestive health
E. coli (pathogenic)HarmfulPro-inflammatory · gut disturbance
CollinsellaHarmfulIncreased inflammation · metabolic disruption
Bilophila wadsworthiaHarmfulGut barrier damage · inflammation
// 03 — The Six Scores

How we grade an athlete.

VO₂max Score
87
Excellent
High aerobic capacity, strong energy output
Performance Score
76
Good
Balanced energy metabolism and endurance
Endurance Score
72
Good
SCFA production adequate, resistant starch can improve
Barrier Score
63
Moderate
Gut permeability normal, monitor closely
Recovery Score
58
Needs Work
Beneficial bacteria low, slow inflammation resolution
Disease Risk
54
Caution
Pro-inflammatory species elevated, infection risk
// 04 — Position-Specific

Microbiome by football position.

Defenders, midfielders and forwards show distinct microbial signatures — each demanding a tailored nutrition and supplementation strategy.

DEFENDER
Physical Endurance · Strength · Fast Recovery
Bacterial Profile
  • Faecalibacterium: High
  • Akkermansia: Low
  • Bacteroides: Normal
Butyrate ✓ · Barrier ↓ · Anti-inflammation ✓
Performance Output
Contact resilience, low injury risk
Action Plan
  • Prebiotic fiber supplementation
  • Fermented foods (kefir, yogurt)
  • Polyphenol-rich vegetables
MIDFIELDER
Aerobic Capacity · Continuous Running · Energy Efficiency
Bacterial Profile
  • Veillonella: High
  • Prevotella: High
  • Roseburia: Low
Lactate metabolism ✓ · SCFA ✓ · Butyrate ↓
Performance Output
High tempo for 90+ min, delayed fatigue
Action Plan
  • Resistant starch (cooled potato)
  • Whole grains
  • Roseburia-focused probiotic
FORWARD
Explosive Power · Sprint Speed · Anaerobic Capacity
Bacterial Profile
  • Bacteroides: Normal
  • Bifidobacterium: Low
  • Lactobacillus: Low
Protein metabolism ✓ · ATP output → · Immunity ↓
Performance Output
Instant acceleration, repeated sprint capacity
Action Plan
  • High-protein diet
  • Probiotics (Bifido + Lacto)
  • Omega-3 supplementation
// 05 — Benchmark & Prediction

Rank every athlete. Predict what's next.

Beyond the individual report, Sports Biome benchmarks each athlete against the rest of your squad — and uses ML models trained on elite cohorts to project how their performance, recovery and injury risk will evolve over the next 4–12 weeks.

Squad Benchmarking

Athlete-vs-athlete ranking

Each player is scored on six axes and ranked inside their own team and against position-matched elite reference cohorts.

Player A · MF
Top 5%
Player B · FW
Top 25%
Player C · DF
Median
Player D · MF
At risk
AI Prediction Engine

Forward-looking risk & performance

Microbiome trajectories feed gradient-boosted models that forecast outcomes weeks before they show up on the pitch.

Injury Risk · 30d
+18%
Elevated
VO₂max · 8w
+4.2
Improving
URTI Risk · 14d
Low
Stable
Recovery Index
↘ −12%
Watch

Models retrain quarterly on anonymized data from professional clubs and federations.

// 05 — Peer-Reviewed Evidence

The research stack.

Nature Medicine · 2019

Meta-omics analysis of elite athletes identifies a performance-enhancing microbe

DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0485-4
  • 01Veillonella atypica increased in marathon runners after racing
  • 02Converts exercise-derived lactate into propionate
  • 03V. atypica supplementation extended treadmill run time by 13% in mice
  • 04Propionate instillation produced the same performance gain
Takeaway: Microbiome-based probiotics can directly enhance athletic performance.
Frontiers in Sports & Active Living · 2025

The performance gut: a key to optimizing performance in high-level athletes

DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1641923
  • 01SCFA production (esp. butyrate) correlates with VO₂max
  • 02Elite athletes show higher microbial diversity than sedentary controls
  • 03Training and nutrition shape the microbiome bidirectionally
  • 04Sport-specific microbiome signatures exist
Takeaway: Microbiome composition plays a central role in performance optimization.
Frontiers in Nutrition · 2025

Probiotic supplementation for optimizing athletic performance

DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1572687
  • 01Multi-strain probiotics increased VO₂max and lean mass
  • 024–5 weeks of supplementation extended running distance
  • 03Probiotics reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines
  • 04Gut barrier function and nutrient absorption improved
Takeaway: Probiotic supplementation is particularly impactful in endurance sports.
Lab sample
// 06 — Protocol

How athletes support their microbiome.

Fiber-Rich Foods
Vegetables, fruit, whole grains — 30+ plant species per week.
Probiotic Supplementation
Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium — 10⁸–10¹¹ CFU/day.
Quality Sleep
7–9 hours, consistent sleep windows.
Balanced Training
Avoid overload, schedule recovery days.
Hydration
2–3 L water/day, minimize processed foods.
Stress Management
Meditation, breathwork, mental recovery.
// Conclusion

The future of sports science is microbial.

Personalized microbiome analysis is becoming indispensable for optimizing training and nutrition strategies. The teams that adopt it first will define the next decade of elite sport.

13%
Endurance lift (Veillonella)
2–20M
Microbial genes
100T+
Gut bacteria